The Defend Trade Secret Act of 2016 (DTSA) provides civil remedies in federal courts for trade secret misappropriation. 18 U.S.C. §§ 1836 et. seq. Before the DTSA was enacted, trade secret holders were required to protect against and remedy trade secret misappropriation in state court. Most states have adopted some version of the Uniform Trade…
Continue reading ›Under Florida law where fraud is alleged and proven, courts calculate damages using a a doctrine called the “flexibility theory” of damages. Totale, Inc., v. Smith, 877 So. 2d 813 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004). Under this doctrine, the plaintiff in a fraud action may seek recovery of “out-of-pocket” expenses or “benefit-of-the-bargain” damages, but not both.…
Continue reading ›A prevalent issue in business litigation is whether a business’ unregistered name or mark qualifies for trademark protection. Under Florida’s common law, to “prevail on a common law trademark infringement claim, where the mark has not been registered, a plaintiff must show that it has trademark rights on the mark or name at issue distinctive…
Continue reading ›Trademark infringement claims are common in business litigation. If a trademark application is still pending, or where a mark was never registered at all, then it is not presume that a given mark qualifies for trademark protection under Florida or federal law. Therefore, to establish a claim of trademark infringement, a party “must show that…
Continue reading ›A prevalent issue in non-compete litigation is whether a company’s non-compete agreement is enforceable to protect its substantial business relationships. These business relationships must be specific and identifiable, but they are not required to be contractual in nature. Indeed, prospective substantial business relationships are protected if they fit these requirements. A business’ substantial business relationships…
Continue reading ›In business litigation, a commonly litigated issue is whether a business took reasonable measures to maintain the secrecy of its alleged trade secret information. If such measures are not taken, then Florida courts routinely find that the subject information is not a protectable trade secret. Under Florida law, businesses must therefore adequately protect its trade…
Continue reading ›The law regarding the enforceability of non-compete agreements varies by state. Under Florida law, three requirements must be satisfied for a restrictive covenant to be enforceable: (1) the restrictive covenant must be “set forth in writing signed by the person against whom enforcement is sought”; (2) the party seeking to enforce the restrictive covenant “shall…
Continue reading ›Non-compete agreements and other restrictive covenants in employment contracts are enforceable if they protect a business’ legitimate business interest. A “legitimate business interest must represent an investment by the employer and must enable unfair competition if misappropriated.” IDMWORKS, LLC v. Pophaly, 192 F. Supp. 3d 1335 (S.D. Fla. 2016). Florida’s non-compete statute, Section 542.335, includes…
Continue reading ›In business litigation, a business’ customer information can qualify as a trade secret under Florida and Federal law. This trade secret protection extends further than just a business’ list of customers. A business’ cognizable trade secrets can include a different elements of customer information that are compiled in the aggregate and protected by business. The…
Continue reading ›Business litigation often involves disputes between a corporate entity and its equity owners. A shareholder of a corporation can bring a lawsuit against the corporation in two circumstances: (1) when the shareholder has been personally harmed or (2) when the corporation as a whole has been harmed. The first type of lawsuit is a direct…
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